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Using a closed system drug transfer device is essential during the sterile compounding of hazardous medications because it minimizes the risk of exposure to airborne particles and hazardous drug spills. These devices are specifically designed to create a sealed environment, preventing the transfer of contaminants between the drug and the environment. This is crucial for both the protection of the healthcare worker and the integrity of the medication being compounded.

Closed system drug transfer devices typically have built-in features that allow for the safe transfer of hazardous medications without exposing the user or the environment to harmful substances. They are designed to help reduce the risks associated with both handling and administering hazardous drugs, which is critical in settings where patient safety and worker protection are priorities.

In contrast, options such as a standard airflow hood, a regular compounding tray, and a basic protective barrier do not provide the same level of protection against the specific risks presented by hazardous medications. Airflow hoods may be used for sterile compounding but are not specifically designed to contain hazardous substances. Similarly, regular compounding trays and basic protective barriers do not provide the necessary containment features required for handling these types of medications safely. Thus, using a closed system drug transfer device is the most appropriate choice in this scenario.